Etiology and mechanisms of schizophrenia

1. Heredity: The existence of hereditary factors that determine the onset schizophrenia. this was evident in research on families with schizophrenia and especially children, twins one egg. Morbidity for the half-brother: 0.9 to 1.8%, siblings: 7-15%, for children with either one parent who suffered from schizophrenia 7-16%, if both parents suffer from schizophrenia: 40-68% , for two-egg twins: 2-15%, for twins one egg: 61-86%.  The potential for schizophrenia derived through a recessive gene, this potential may be strong, maybe too weak, but then it depends on the environment  Individuals that would happen whether or not schizophrenia.
2. Endocrine: used to be mistaken for schizophrenia is caused by an endocrine disorder. This theory is put forward by the frequent onset of schizophrenia at the time puberties, time and time to pregnancy or peri climacterium, but this can not be proven.

3. Metabolism: Due to metabolic disorders, schizophrenia patients appear pale and unhealthy. Extremities end rather cyanotic, decreased appetite and weight loss.

4. Central nervous system: Causes of schizophrenia because of the central nervous system disorders, namely the diencephalon or brain cortex. But the pathological abnormalities found may be due to postmortem changes or artifacts when making preparations. These theories were incorporated into the group somatogenic theory, theory of seeking the causes of schizophrenia performance physical abnormalities.

5. Theory Adolf Meyer: Schizophrenia is not caused by a physical illness, Meyer admits that a constitution which can affect the onset of schizophrenia inferior.

6. Sigmund Freud's theory: If we use Freud's formula, then in schizophrenia are:
- Ego weakness, may arise due to psychogenic or somatic.
- Set aside so as not powerful superego and the id of the ruling again and there was a phase regesi to narcissism.

- Loss of capacity for the transfer so that psychoanalytic therapy is not possible.

7.  Eugen Bleuler: Bleuler proposed to better use the term "schizophrenia", because this name quite correctly highlights the main symptoms of the disease in, the soul is divided, a rift or disharmony between the process of thinking, feeling and what you did (schizos = crockery or branched, phren = Life). Bleuler divide the symptoms of schizophrenia into two groups: a. Primary symptoms: - Impaired thinking process  -Emotional disturbances
Willingness-interference –Autism.

b. The symptoms of secondary – Suspicion - Hallucinations
- Symptoms of Catatonic or other psychomotor disturbances

8. Another theory which considers schizophrenia as a syndrome caused by heredity, education is wrong, maladapsion, mental stress, physical illness.
9. Schizophrenia is a psychosomatic disorder, the symptoms on the secondary only because the basic pshycogenic disorder, or a somatic manifestation of psychogenic disorders.
This group is psychogenic theory, schizophrenia is considered as a functional disorder and is the main cause of conflict, psychological stress and human relationships are disappointing.
10. Organobiologic: central nervous system damage caused by bacterial, viral, or malnutrition.
11. Psychodynamic; personality that is very susceptible to stressors and  italents to be a genetic predisposing factor according to the formula  + s = r, with i = individual with genetic factors, s = stressor, and r = reaction. With this formula can be seen that every individual has the possibility to get sick.  

12. Phsycoreligion ; a matter of faith of every person.

13. Psychosocial; comes to marriage, parent-child relationships, and society.